Introduction to total hip prosthesis
Total hip replacement (THA) is a surgical procedure that involves replacing the failing hip joint with a prosthesis. This operation is commonly performed in cases of osteoarthritis, fracture of the femoral neck or other pathologies causing pain and loss of mobility. Choosing a THA adapted to the patient is essential to ensure the success of the procedure and improve their quality of life.
The components of a total hip prosthesis
A THA generally consists of the following elements:
- Cup: it is a hemispherical implant made of metal, ceramic or polyethylene, fixed in the acetabular cavity of the pelvis to receive the artificial femoral head.
- Femoral head: this metal or ceramic sphere replaces the natural head of the femur.
- Femoral stem: this conical-shaped element is inserted into the medullary canal of the femur to stabilize the implant.
- Liner: it is a polyethylene or ceramic insert that is inserted between the acetabulum and the femoral head to facilitate movement of the joint.
The surgical process of PTH implantation
The procedure takes place under general or regional anesthesia, depending on the preferences of the patient and the surgeon. The surgeon begins by making an incision on the thigh to access the hip joint. He then removes the worn or damaged parts of the pelvis and femur, then fixes the acetabulum in the acetabular cavity using acrylic cement or by impaction (without cement).
The femoral stem is then inserted into the medullary canal of the femur, with or without cement depending on the anatomical and bony characteristics of the patient. The artificial femoral head is fixed on the stem, then covered by the liner. Finally, the surgeon reinserts the muscles around the joint and closes the incision.
Necessary post-operative care
After hip surgery, several steps are essential to ensure a good recovery:
- Functional rehabilitation: a personalized physical exercise program is put in place the day after the procedure to strengthen the muscles and improve hip mobility.
- Prevention of complications: anticoagulants are prescribed to limit the risks of phlebitis and pulmonary embolism, while hygiene measures are taken to avoid surgical site infections.
- Medical monitoring : the patient is regularly monitored by his surgeon and his attending physician to monitor the progress of his recovery and adapt treatments and rehabilitation if necessary.
The importance of choosing the right prosthesis for the patient
To ensure the success of the procedure, it is crucial to select a THA based on criteria specific to each patient, such as:
- Age: Some prostheses have a limited lifespan and may require replacement in younger patients.
- General health: certain pathologies or drug treatments can influence the choice of the type of anesthesia or materials used for THA.
- Individual anatomy: depending on the patient’s bone morphology, certain types of implants or surgical techniques may be preferable to ensure better joint stability and mobility.
Post-operative precautions to avoid complications
In order to avoid complications such as dislocation (dislocation of the prosthesis) or loosening of the material, it is important to follow certain instructions after the operation:
- Avoid extreme hip movements (excessive flexion, internal rotation).
- Use technical aids (crutches, canes) to make walking easier and relieve the joint.
- Do not cross your legs or sit on low seats for several weeks.
Ramsay Santé: leader in private health in France
Ramsay Santé is a major player in the field of private health in France. With more than 350 establishments spread across the country, Ramsay Santé supports patients at each stage of their health journey, from prevention to surgical and medical care. Thanks to recognized expertise and an extensive network of specialized establishments, Ramsay Santé offers patients rapid and personalized access to the care they need to regain a better quality of life.
